Những điều cần biết về COVID-19

[RaginCajun]

Xin lỗi, nói chữ "cho" ngắn quá nên gây hiểu lầm. Sửa lại, thế chữ "cho" bằng "trả lại dân tiền thuế mà dân đóng bao nhiêu năm qua"

Trở lại cho tớ hỏi, ai có nhận được check mà có tên của ông Trump, xin chụp hình bỏ lên để tớ giữ làm kỷ niệm. Tớ không rành google lắm nên tìm từ nãy giờ mà chưa ra. Cám ơn nhiều.

[Nhã Uyên]

The Latest in Coronavirus (COVID-19) Testing Methods and Availability
https://www.goodrx.com/blog/coronavi...-availability/


Tóm lược:

Hiện nay có hai cách xét nghiệm coronavirus (COVID-19) chính: molecular (phân tử - tiềm kiểm bằng chứng đang bị nhiễm) và serological (huyết thanh lọc - tìm kiếm chứng nhiễm trước đó để phát hiện kháng thể).

Xét nghiệm molecular dùng mẫu gạc mũi hoặc nước miếng.

Xét nghiệm serological dùng mẫu máu.

Hầu hết các xét nghiệm mất từ vài giờ đến vài ngày. Các rapid diagnostic tests (xét nghiệm chẩn đoán nhanh) mới đây cho thấy kết quả dưới một tiếng đồng hồ. Những rapid diagnostic tests được chứng nhận bao gồm các công ty sau đây:

Abbott: kết quả trong vòng 5 phút
Mesa Biotech: kết quả sau chừng 30 phút
Cepheid: kết quả sau chừng 45 phút

Xét nghiệm mới dựa trên nước miếng của Rutgers có thể mang lại kết quả sau 24-48 tiếng.

Hôm qua có tin hãng máy bay Emirates bắt đầu xét nghiệm rapid diagnostic tests cho khách hàng trước khi lên máy bay của họ. ​

Emirates Airline Begins Conducting Rapid COVID-19 Tests For Boarding Passengers

https://www.npr.org/sections/coronav...ing-passengers

[visabelle]

Abbott!!!
Cepheid!!! <3
Hôm nay nghe bà con nhảy dô...Gilead quá chừng. Stock á!


A Chicago hospital treating severe Covid-19 patients with Gilead Sciences’ antiviral medicine remdesivir in a closely watched clinical trial is seeing rapid recoveries in fever and respiratory symptoms, with nearly all patients discharged in less than a week, STAT has learned.[

[Nhã Uyên]

Hôm nay nghe bà con nhảy dô...Gilead quá chừng. Stock á!

Quick, quick! I'm calling my broker!

[Triển]

Chọn bạn mà chơi: "gần mực thì đen, gần kèn thì nhiễm".

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Coronavirus found in semen of young men with COVID-19

We don’t know much about SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, but we are learning new ones every day. The last piece of the puzzle comes from a small study in China that found the RNA of SARS-CoV-2 (the virus’s genetic code) in the sperm of young COVID-19 patients.

The study, published in JAMA Network Open, involved 38 patients on treatment for a severe COVID-19 disease at Shangqiu Municipal Hospital in Henan Province. Fifteen of the patients provided a semen sample during the acute phase of their illness and 23 shortly after their recovery. In four of 15 patients with acute illness and two of 23 recovering patients, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was found in semen samples.

These new results differ from the results of an earlier study of 12 COVID-19 patients and a case report. However, previous surveys focused on patients with mild illness after recovery, while the current study focused on hospital patients with severe illness, and all samples from the latter study were taken. during illness or very soon after recovery. In fact, all semen samples that were found to have viral RNA in recovering patients were taken on the second and third day after recovery. Thus, the differences between previous and current studies are probably the result of differences in the severity of the disease and the timing of sampling.

Immunoprivileged

The testes, along with the eyes, placenta, fetus and central nervous system, are considered “immunoprivileged sites”, which means they are protected from severe inflammation associated with an immune response. It is probably an evolutionary adaptation that protects vital structures. So these are niches where viruses can be protected from the host’s immune response.

Immuno-privileged sites have attracted attention as places where viruses can persist after the disease has cured during the 2013-2016 Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa. The Ebola virus has been detectable in the semen of some survivors for more than three years, and sexual transmission of the Ebola virus can occur several months after the patient has recovered.


Ebola remains sexually transmitted for months after the patient has healed.
Hugh Kinsella Cunningham / EPA

We do not yet know what the implications of the latest discoveries are. The presence of viral RNA in the semen of patients does not necessarily indicate the presence of infectious virus. It will therefore be essential to show whether the infectious virus can also be isolated from the sperm of SARS-CoV-2 patients and survivors.

If possible, the next question will be whether – as the current evidence suggests – SARS-CoV-2 is found primarily in the semen of patients with severe disease or whether significant virus levels can also be detected in the sperm of patients with disease – or, indeed, in the sperm of asymptomatic people.

Even if these things are shown, it is probably a minor concern for the spread of the virus during an acute infection. Given the high contagiousness of SARS-CoV-2 through non-sexual routes, it is difficult to imagine how it could be significantly increased by sexual transmission. The only scenario where sexual transmission of SARS-CoV-2 could be a problem would be if the virus persisted in the testicles for long periods of time and if COVID-19 survivors could sexually transmit the virus after recovery.

We need more studies to determine if this is possible. In the meantime, it would still be a good idea for those recovering from COVID-19 to use a condom until further research is done to clarify the duration of the infectious virus in semen.

/*src: https://www.fr24news.com/a/2020/05/c...-covid-19.html

[ốc]

Con vi trùng này đáo để thật, chắc là có ý đố phá hoại quy trình sinh sản của loài người để làm giảm dân số.

[ốc]

Con vi trùng này chắc có tính ga lăng nhường phụ nữ.

The coronavirus slayer! How Kerala's rock star health minister helped save it from Covid-19
https://www.theguardian.com/world/20...-from-covid-19

On 20 January, KK Shailaja phoned one of her medically trained deputies. She had read online about a dangerous new virus spreading in China. “Will it come to us?” she asked. “Definitely, Madam,” he replied. And so the health minister of the Indian state of Kerala began her preparations.

Four months later, Kerala has reported only 524 cases of Covid-19, four deaths and – according to Shailaja – no community transmission. The state has a population of about 35 million and a GDP per capita of only £2,200. By contrast, the UK (double the population, GDP per capita of £33,100) has reported more than 40,000 deaths, while the US (10 times the population,GDP per capita of £51,000) has reported more than 82,000 deaths; both countries have rampant community transmission.

As such, Shailaja Teacher, as the 63-year-old minister is affectionately known, has attracted some new nicknames in recent weeks – Coronavirus Slayer and Rockstar Health Minister among them.

Không nên đánh phụ nữ dù chỉ là cồ rô na.
(Tục nữ)

[Triển]

Con vi trùng này chắc có tính ga lăng nhường phụ nữ.

Mấy con vi trùng giả này thì dính không chừa một ai ....

[ốc]

Go Dutch? #seksbuddy

Dutch official advice to single people
https://www.theguardian.com/world/20...wn-coronavirus

In a typically open-minded intervention, official guidance from the DutchNational Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) has been amended to suggest those without a permanent sexual partner come to mutually satisfactory agreements with like-minded individuals.

Nhu đạo nhất dĩ quán chi (nghĩa là tất cả sự đời cũng không ra ngoài một chuyện là đạo nhu).
(Ngổng tử)

[Triển]

Con vi trùng này đáo để thật, chắc là có ý đố phá hoại quy trình sinh sản của loài người để làm giảm dân số.

Mẹ bịnh con lây.

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Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in human breastmilk


Rüdiger Groß
Carina Conzelmann
Janis A Müller
Steffen Stenger
Karin Steinhart
Frank Kirchhoff
et al.

Published: May 21, 2020DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31181-8

It remains unclear whether severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can be shed into breastmilk and transmitted to a child through breastfeeding. Recent investigations have found no evidence of SARS-CoV-2 in human breastmilk, but sample sizes were small.

We examined milk from two nursing mothers infected with SARS-CoV-2. Both mothers were informed about the study and gave informed consent. Ethical approval for this case study was waived by the Ethics Committee of Ulm University and all samples were anonymised.

Clinical data and the timecourse of infection in the two mothers is shown in figure 1. After feeding and nipple disinfection, milk was collected with pumps and stored in sterile containers at 4°C or −20°C until further analysis. We determined viral loads using RT-qPCR for SARS-CoV-2 N and ORF1b-nsp14 genes4
in both whole and skimmed milk (obtained after removal of the lipid fraction). Further details of sample storage and processing are provided in the appendix.

Following admission and delivery (day 0), four samples from Mother 1 tested negative (figure 2). By contrast, SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in milk from Mother 2 at days 10 (left and right breast), 12, and 13. Samples taken subsequently were negative (figure 2). Ct values for SARS-CoV-2 N peaked at 29·8 and 30·4 in whole milk and skimmed milk, respectively, corresponding to 1·32 × 105 copies per mL and 9·48 × 104 copies per mL (mean of both isolations). Since milk components might affect RNA isolation and quantification, viral RNA recovery rates in milk spiked with serial dilutions of a SARS-CoV-2 stock were determined. We observed up to 89·2% reduced recovery rate in whole milk and 51·5% in skimmed milk (appendix), suggesting that the actual viral loads in whole milk of Mother 2 could be even higher than detected.


Figure 1: Timecourse of SARS-CoV-2 infection of two mothers with newborn children


Figure 2: Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in breastmilk from an infected mother

We detected SARS-CoV-2 RNA in milk samples from Mother 2 for 4 consecutive days. Detection of viral RNA in milk from Mother 2 coincided with mild COVID-19 symptoms and a SARS-CoV-2 positive diagnostic test of the newborn (Newborn 2). Mother 2 had been wearing a surgical mask since the onset of symptoms and followed safety precautions when handling or feeding the neonate (including proper hand and breast disinfection, strict washing, and sterilisation of milk pumps and tubes). However, whether Newborn 2 was infected by breastfeeding or other modes of transmission remains unclear. Further studies of milk samples from lactating women and possible virus transmission via breastfeeding are needed to develop recommendations on whether mothers with COVID-19 should breastfeed.

We declare no competing interests. RG, CC, and JAM contributed equally. This work was supported by the EU's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Fight-nCoV, 101003555 to JM) and the German Research Foundation (CRC 1279 to SS, FK, and JM; and MU 4485/1-1 to JAM)


References

1.
Lackey KA Pace RM Williams JE et al.
SARS-CoV-2 and human milk: what is the evidence?.
medRxiv. 2020; (published online April 20.) (preprint).
DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.07.20056812
View in Article
Google Scholar
2.
Yang N Che S Zhang J et al.
Breastfeeding of infants born to mothers with COVID-19: a rapid review.
medRxiv. 2020; (published April 19.) (preprint).
DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.13.20064378



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